Dr. Julien Louys holds the jaw
bone of a giant rat species discovered on East Timor, up against a comparison
with the same bone of a modern rat.
Archaeologists with The Australian
National University (ANU) have discovered fossils of seven giant rat species on
East Timor, with the largest up to 10 times the size of modern rats and around
5 Kilos in weight.
Dr Julien Louys of the ANU School of
Culture, History and Language, who is helping lead the project said these are
the largest known rats to have ever existed.
“They are what you would call
mega-fauna. The biggest one is about five kilos, the size of a small dog,” Dr
Louys said.
“Just to put that in perspective, a
large modern rat would be about half a kilo.”
The work is part of the From Sunda
to Sahul project which is looking at the earliest human movement through
Southeast Asia. Researchers are now trying to work out exactly what caused the
rats to die out.
Dr Louys said the earliest records
of humans on East Timor date to around 46,000 years ago, and they lived with
the rats for thousands of years.
“We know they’re eating the giant
rats because we have found bones with cut and burn marks,” he said.
“The funny thing is that they are
co-existing up until about a thousand years ago. The reason we think they
became extinct is because that was when metal tools started to be introduced in
Timor, people could start to clear forests at a much larger scale.”
Dr Louys said the project team is
hoping to get an idea of when humans first moved through the islands of
Southeast Asia, how they were doing it and what impact they had on the
ecosystems. The information can then be used to inform modern conservation
efforts.
“We’re trying to find the earliest
human records as well as what was there before humans arrived,” Dr Louys said.
“Once we know what was there before
humans got there, we see what type of impact they had.”
Dr Louys returned from the project’s latest
expedition to East Timor in August and has presented the findings at the
Meetings of the Society of Vertebrate Palaeontology in Texas. Credit: Stuart Hay, ANU
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